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Angelica Combo Tea Extract (Du Huo Jisheng Wan), 100 pills
Du Huo Jisheng Wan is a century-old formula proven to work for Chinese medical doctors when used for joint pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and low back pain accompanied by weak muscles and/or stiffness. They also used it for polio, joint pain during and after pregnancy, nephritis and asthma. One of the reasons why they used it for these conditions is because the herbs in the formula, including Angelica sinensis are ones that may be safely taken long-term.
The Chinese traditional medicine doctors diagnose health disorders in terms of deficiencies and excesses. This formula is used for those who have liver and kidney deficiency; they aren’t getting enough energy to the liver and kidney. When someone experiences these deficiencies, symptoms such as heart palpitations, shortness of breath, joint problems, low back pain, aversion to cold, desire for warmth, pale tongue and a weak, thin, slow pulse. Because of this type of philosophy for treatment, those who have low back pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, sciatica, ruptured disks, all types of problems in the joints, back and knees are given Angelica Combo Tea Extract (Du Huo Jisheng Wan).
The Angelica Combo Tea Extract combines the ancient Chinese remedy with advanced modern manufacturing techniques to obtain a pure, biologically active, exceptionally high quality product. Two of the goals of the formulation are to increase circulation and help promote a healthy skeletal system and strong bones.
Medical studies have shown a multitude of different benefits, including anti-inflammation and analgesia – but these are just two of the numerous benefits. Read through our summary about the herb and what hundreds of researchers have discovered about Angelica sinensis. You’ll be amazed!
Suggested Use of Angelica Combo Tea:
(Dietary supplement usage): 8 capsules twice daily with a glass of warm water.
Dried Angelica root is an herb that has a very long history for natural healing practitioners not only in China, but also Japan and Korea. It’s called slightly different names depending on where it originates from, what the researchers are using for its name, and the knowledge of the person on Angelica plants:
• Korean angelica root
• Dong quai angelica sinensis
• Japanese angelica root
• Dong quai angelica root
• Dong quai root angelica sinensis
• Dang gui chinese angelica root
• Mother angelica tea
• Angelica sinensis diels
• Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels
• Dahurian angelica root
• Radix angelicae sinensis
• Chinese angelica root
• Chinese angelica tea
• Angelica root essential oil
• Angelica root oil
• Angelica combo tea extract
Angelica sinensis is the name of the species/genus that is most commonly used for dozens of health conditions by natural healing practitioners. The parts of the plant used could be the (non-organic or organic) Angelica root, the leaves, or the whole plant. You might also hear the term “Angelica root extract” or Angelica root tincture. These terms refer to the final product of taking the Angelica root or Angelica root powder or the Angelica plant and then making either a water extract (Angelica tea) out of the starting material.
You’ll also read terms like whole angelica root, Angelica sinensis root, Angelica sinensis tea, and Angelica sinensis radix where anytime you see the word root and radix, the terms are interchangeable. Radix is often a term used by scientists in research studies.
There’s a difference between Angelica sinensis tea and Angelica combo tea extract – the tea means only the Angelica sinensis plant whereas the Angelica combo tea extract means Angelica sinensis has been combined with at least one other herb. Usually the herb used in combinations is Astragalus but others may be used. Whenever there’s a combination, pay attention to the number of parts of each herb.
For example, Angelica combination tea extract could be used for the heart in an Angelica root remedy recipe of 5 parts Astragalus to only 1 part Angelica. Angelica tea benefits those with heart disease.
Angelica sinensis plants have a lot of genetic diversity so you should read the label closely. You may find purple stemmed plants or green stemmed phenotypes, and both may have different medicinal ingredient compositions.
Sometimes you might read on the label “Angelica sinensis propiedades” which usually means that someone in a laboratory grew the plant species and it had a special combination of Angelica sinensis health benefits so you would have to read up on that particular strain to find out why the plant is so important. Another example is Angelica polymorpha sinensis root extract. Look it up before you buy Angelica root for sale.
What is Angelica root used for? More importantly, what is Angelica root good for? Angelica root Chinese (or Japanese, Korean, European or the U.S.) is mainly used for the treatment of women’s health problems such as PMS, lack of periods, menopause, and other health problems such as heart, kidney, liver, skin and lung diseases. Midwives use the herb for postpartum blues or depression as well. The herb doesn’t have any contraindications for breastfeeding.
The Chinese use Angelica also for replenishing blood. And you’ll find it included in supplements for the treatment of anemia, endurance during exercise, high blood pressure, chronic bronchitis, asthma, constipation, rheumatism, and cardiovascular diseases.
The herb is prepared in unusual ways that are not commonly used in the U.S. such as smoke-drying it, stir-frying it with oil or with win, parching it with soil. Mostly, people will simply buy Angelica root or buy Angelica sinensis plant for tea or extract at the health food store or online. This way it’s already prepared. Sometimes people will look for candied Angelica root to use as a sweet treat for their health, skin, heart, liver, lungs, or joints.
One of the reasons why Angelica may be so popular is because of all the medicinal activity in the herb. This medicinal activity comes from the medicinal constituents. Chinese scientists at the Lanzhou University wrote a medical paper on the medicinal agents in the herb and stated that since the 1970s, 165 chemical constituents have been isolated or detected from the various parts of the plant. Each one of these 165 chemical constituents has medicinal activity and offers you benefits.
For example, if you search online for any of the following terms, you will be pleasantly surprised that there are multiple studies supporting the benefits you are after. That’s why we’re going to present you with quite a few of those studies, so that you will be well informed.
Some of those terms are:
• Angelica sinensis fertility
• Joint strength du huo ji sheng wan
• Dong quai angelica sinensis benefits
• Angelica root pregnancy
• Angelica root health benefits
Unfortunately, the studies presented here on our web page are not even half of all the studies on this amazing herb! However, you’ll quickly see that there is a plethora of studies that show reasons for you to consider using the herb.
Scan the list of studies when you get to them for the topics that interest you most because you or a loved one has one of the conditions mentioned. The studies will give you an idea of the situations where the herb might be quite useful.
Of course, you should always check with a qualified herbalist or natural healing practitioner (who understands the herb on a deep level) to make sure it’s okay to use.
Some of the medicinal constituents of Angelica root (dong quai) include:
• Phthalides – This group includes angesinenolides A and B, found in the roots of Angelica sinensis. In studies, Angesinenolide A reduced the level of fibrinogen and Angesinenolide B extended thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time as well as markedly reduced the content of fibrinogen. These two thus help the body with anticoagulation and prevent clotting as part of their Chinese angelica root benefits.
• Terpenoids
• Essential oils
• Phenylpropanoids
• Alkaloids
• Alkynes
• Sterols
• Fatty acids
• Aromatic compounds
• Volatile oils – Inhibits the formation of new blood vessels, especially the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The volatile oils are the active ingredients captured by Angelica root essential oil preparations.
• Ferulic acid – inhibits hepatoma (liver cancer) cells
• Saccharose, Glucose and Fructose – Along with other Angelica root polysaccharides, these significantly reduced myocardial infarction size, enhanced antioxidant activity, and downregulated caspase expression in rats. This strongly suggests cardioprotective activity and the herb is limiting any injury to the heart that occurs after a heart attack.
• Butylidenephthalide – inhibits hepatoma (liver cancer) cells. Also inhibits the formation of new blood vessels by inhibiting cell cycle progression and induction of cell death. It activates p38 and ERK ½ but not SAPK/JNK and Akt signaling pathways. (These are mentioned for people specifically looking for this information; skip over it if you don’t need to know it.
Other investigations showed that it inhibits endothelial sprouting in mouse aortic rings. The herb’s angiogenesis modulators may be used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
• Polysaccharides – As a general group of constituents, Angelica sinensis polysaccharides protect against nerve cell injury and impairment caused by oxidative stress (oxygen and free radicals). They enhance the antioxidant activity in the neurons of the brain’s cortex, and have increased the number of microvessels and impaired blood flow after ischemia (heart attack or a stroke). The polysaccharides are used to treat liver diseases effectively. Studies show that they provide protection for the liver, and contribute directly to the therapeutic effects of Angelica.
The polysaccharides in Angelica have demonstrated important biological activities such as immunomodulation, antitumor, antioxidant, radioprotection, blood sugar lowering activity, and the ability to form new blood cells. When you are looking for Angelica root uses or angelica root medicinal uses, these are generally what you want.
Have you heard about this? Interestingly, scientists have created a device they call an electronic nose that can test plants and soils for their odors and accurately tell you where the angelica root tea or root originated from. This could be immensely helpful to forensic scientists if there’s been a crime and little parts of Angelica root or leaves were found at the crime scene!
One of the uses of the electronic nose was to decipher where different samples of Angelica sinensis originated. In 2015, the electronic nose successfully determined the origin of four different Angelica plants but since then it’s been used a lot more!
There’s another way to be a detective with herbs. Scientists can effectively distinguish the geoherb region that Angelica plants originate from also by examining the volatile organic components of the herb.
At the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, scientists collaborated with other university researchers to examine the 51 volatile organic components found in the herb. The best potential markers for this task were identified as B-ocimene, a-pinene, 3-methylbutanal, heptanes, and butanal. Determining volatile oils in the plant is also a good way to determine the quality of the herb. How does it smell? Angelica sinensis has a particular smell to it like every plant does.
In fact, you could say that there are fragrant angelica root benefits – benefits just from smelling the plant, such as for lung patients.
Roots of Angelica sinensis are well known for their hematopoietic (blood building) properties. That word “hematopoietic” might look intimidating but just substitute the words blood building in its place whenever you see it.
Angelica herb is often given to those who have undergone different types of cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation because these treatments destroy the bone marrow stem cells that create the new blood cells. The roots also possess anti-cancer, radioprotective and immunoregulatory activities, three additional properties that are critical for cancer patients. To cancer patients, Angelica root has magical uses – but really they aren’t so magical at all. It’s just how the plant works.
Angelica root tea benefits and Angelica root extract benefits are pretty close to the same thing. Angelica roots also boost memory, act as an antioxidant, and have brain protective effects. Their effects are also helpful in the treatment of nervous system diseases, nephrotic syndrome (a type of kidney disease) and cardio-cerebrovascular disease (heart attack, arrythymias, hardening of the arteries, and stroke).
Wherever a plant is grown, it can pick up and accumulate toxic metals that are in the soil. This is the reason why we don’t gather herbs that grow near the highway where cars are spewing out their toxins. Similarly, some areas may be ones high in heavy metals – and if Angelica sinensis or other herbs are growing there, they should not be picked and consumed in any form – tea, root, extract, charred, etc.
When you decide where to buy Angelica herb capsules or supplements, you may want to make sure that the company you are buying them from has run tests on the pesticide levels on the herb. This is something that definitely can be tested for; in fact, 135 different pesticides and their metabolites (organophosphorus pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides and carbamate pesticides) were tested in one study.
On another note, it’s important to make sure that the Angelica product you purchase has not been treated with sulfur for fumigation against pests while it was grown. Sulfur treatment destroys the chemical activity of the phytonutrients in the herb. Specifically, the anti-clotting, increased nitric oxide production and estrogenic properties were significantly reduced. The doctors in the study concluded, “In order to ensure the safety and to achieve the best therapeutic effect, it is recommended that sulfur-fumigation is an unacceptable approach for processing herbal materials.”
Another study compared alcoholic tinctures and water extracts between sulfur-treated plants vs sun-dried plants, finding similar findings with the sulfur treated plant research mentioned above. The chemistry absorption peaks in the plant that correlate with medicinal activity shown via infrared spectra were significantly reduced in the alcoholic sulfur-treated plants and their herbal ‘fingerprint’ was vastly different in the water extracts. The sun-dried plants without sulfur fumigation is definitely what the buyer wants if he/she is looking for quality in the medicinal value of the plant.
Dong quai may increase the risk of bleeding in those taking warfarin and antiplatelet drugs. It may also cause photosensitivity reactions. This means that you shouldn’t take the herb and then expect to spend a lot of time outside in the sun, even on a cloudy day. Your skin will react to the sun.
Interestingly, there are very few side effects noted in the research studies for Angelica sinensis.
You can grow your own dong quai plants – and researchers have determined the most optimal growing conditions for the plant. When they looked at altitude and sowing dates on yield and quality of the plants, they compared altitudes of 1500, 2000 and 2500 meters, and sowing dates of August 29 and spring April 3 and April 24.
Sowing earlier (August 29) made the plants more robust, and the plants looked the best at a maximum of 2000 meters altitude. Second best was an elevation of 1500 meters. At 2500 meters the plant was spindly, both above ground and below with the root.
Plants that were sown directly into the ground were 15.3% taller than those that were transplanted. These plants also made the best extracts, had the best volatile oil composition and the best ferulic acid content – it was up to the standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Chinese scientists found that there was a correlation between the type of soil used to grow Angelica sinensis and the plant’s biochemical fingerprint called the chromatograph. The minerals that mattered the most were zinc, potassium, manganese, magnesium, chromium, and iron. They concluded that the minerals needed for the plant to grow healthy were many and that the minerals were interacting with each other during the growth process. Manure may be the best option for farmers of this medicinal herb.
In Lanzhou, China, researchers were able to tell the differences between 22 batches of Angelica sinensis from different habitats based on their ferulic acid content. The amount of ferulic acid in the plant correlated significantly with the head length of the plant.
Another study showed that the content of magnesium in the soil had the most positive connection to the healthy growth of Angelica plants. If there was cadmium in the soil, this had a strong negative correlation on the plant. Other minerals that were high could also negatively affect the plant development – that of lead, arsenic, copper, chromium and nickel. Higher altitude also stunted the plant’s growth.
At Gansu Agricultural University in Lanzhou China, scientists discovered that humic acid fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer could effectively promote plant growth, produce large leaves and increase the amount of dried biomass and transformation to root. It also increased the yield and content of the Angelica sinensis ethanol extract effectively.
At the same university, researchers discovered that spraying boron, manganese and rare soil trace elements fertilizer was able to significantly enhance the yield over 60% and improve the amount of high quality product.
Chinese scientists studied the effects of Angelica sinensis in rats with a spinal cord injury to see whether or not the herb could decrease inflammation.
Inflammation worsens the effects of spinal cord injury and delays its healing. The scientists at the medical hospital in China found that using only 20 mg/kg of the herb was enough to attenuate the secondary damage caused by the spinal cord injury and helped control the level of the cytokines that cause inflammation – TNF-a, IL-1B and IL-6. This dosage would compare to a daily dosage of less than 1500 mg daily for a 150-pound man or woman.
Angelica’s volatile oils are strong enough to significantly inhibit 14 different levels of metabolic markers for acute inflammation in an animal study done at a veterinarian hospital in China, scientists reported. The herb worked by regulating the inflammation through the metabolism of arachidonic acid and glycine.
Inflammation can be caused by a high fat diet as well as the other mentioned causes but Angelica herb’s volatile oils take care of this type of inflammation, too. The herb works by adjusting the Kreb’s cycle, improving glucose metabolism and restoring fatty acid metabolism.
A total of 22 different metabolites distributed in 27 metabolic pathways were identified as being significantly altered as a result of the use of the herb. Some of the hub metabolites of the inflammation correlation network were glycine, glutamate, malic acid, succinate, arachidonic acid, glycerol, galactose and glucose.
Dong quai hexane extract has been reported as a proven and impressive repellent against female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. These are the type of mosquitoes that tend to carry a lot of different diseases.
Scientists in Thailand took the hexane extract and added vanillin to it as a fixative and then tested it in comparison to DEET under laboratory and field conditions. The dong quai extract contained at least 21 phytochemical compounds, with the major constituent of 3-N-butylphthalide(66.67%).
The median protection times were 2-6.5 hours against the mosquito with a concentration of 5-25% of the hexane extract alone but when vanillin was added, this increased to 4 to 8.5 hours. The repellent activity of the samples lasted for at least six months. Field trials revealed strong repellency from both dong quai and the 25% DEET version with complete protection (100%) against a wide range of local mosquito populations.
Drugs are toxic to different parts of the cell especially the mitochondria. Every drug should be detoxified from the body after it is used, especially from cisplatin tubulotoxicity, aspirin and paracetamol. In studies, harmful chemicals to test the body’s ability to handle them may include commonly prescribed drugs or ones with serious toxicities like carbon tetrachloride toxicity.
In one Chinese study, mice that suffered liver injury from carbon tetrachloride were treated with the polysaccharides from Angelica that were prepared in different ways (charred, parched with soil, parched with wine, or parched with sesame oil). In each case the form of Angelica sinensis used repaired the liver by regulating multiple perturbed liver pathways. The herb affected the lipid and amino acid metabolism.
Scientists at the medical college in DaLian University in China discovered how it was that the polysaccharides from Angelica were so effective against liver toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. The answer was its antioxidant properties.
Liver fibrosis can occur from infection from schistosomiasis, something common in other countries. A rabbit study from 2013 confirmed that Angelica herb use can improve the liver fibrosis, affecting all anatomical parts of the liver positively.
In China, it’s well known that a plant in the yam family, Dioscorea bulbifera L. is something to never eat, as it causes liver toxicity. This isn’t the same yam found in our grocery stores.
Scientists from six different institutions collaborated together to find out if an alcoholic extract of Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels would be effective enough against the liver toxicity from the plant. They found that Angelica herb extract did indeed prevent the toxicity of the liver from the inedible plant. Angelica worked by preventing the death of the liver cells, and by preventing an increase of total bilirubin, ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase. All liver lesions were also prevented. The herb also affected the antioxidants superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, increasing them.
Concanavalin A causes liver failure and it’s used in laboratory studies to cause liver failure in animals to test substances to see whether or not they will be helpful to prevent or reverse the condition.
Chinese scientists found that concentrations of Angelica sinensis ranging from 5 to 125 mcg/mL given before the damage could inhibit the damage caused by the chemical. The herb acted as a protector of the liver and showed this by decreasing the ALT and AST levels in the blood. The scientists believe it was because of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of the herb. This study gives us a good idea that if Angelica is included in a liver formula, you will get liver protectant properties.
Liver injury can also occur when the immune system is not working properly. For example, a big dose of fat and sugar together in mice given with the Bacillus Calmetter-Guerin vaccine would be enough of an insult to cause a liver injury. In a Chinese university study, scientists induced the liver injury in the animals and then administered either 30 or 60 mg/kg Angelica herb polysaccharides.
The levels of nitric oxide, ALT and GST were much higher in the mice that suffered from the liver injury than controls. For example, the inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were 17.8 times higher than the control values. Angelica polysaccharides of 30 mg/kg could reduce the levels of nitric oxide by 25%, ALT by 41% and GST by 18%. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was lowered by 84%. The scientists say that nitric oxide synthase may play a role in the liver toxicity.
It’s hard to believe that a simple tea extract of dong quai could potentially help mice fed a high fat diet to ward off a fatty liver. What Chinese scientists did was fed the animals a high fat diet over long periods of time. And like what happens to humans, the animals developed a severe fatty liver and high blood sugar levels.
However, when given the tea extract of Angelica sinensis, the herb reduced fat accumulation in the liver and attenuated the development of the fatty liver. It reduced the high fat levels and the lipid disorders by upregulating expression of certain genes, activating adiponectin signaling plus relieved the free radical levels, lowered blood sugar levels and relieved insulin resistance.
They believe that dong quai can be used as a health care product to ameliorate metabolic syndrome in people who consistently consume high fat diets (like the ketogenic diet).
Iron Overload is Toxic
Iron is normally transported throughout the blood but it is regulated by a protein called hepcidin. This protein is encoded by the HAMP gene. When hepcidin levels are abnormally low, iron overload occurs and this leads to health problems. When hepcidin levels are too high such as in inflammation, serum iron levels fall because the iron is trapped within macrophages and liver cells. The gut is unable to absorb it. This leads to anemia because the developing red blood cells can’t get enough iron.
Chinese scientists found that rats given dong quai once daily for 14 days through a gastric tube significantly had reduced hepcidin levels and the herb also stimulated the secretion of erythropoietin (the blood building cell hormone). This further down-regulated hepcidin. They concluded that dong quai may be used in the treatments of hepcidin-induced diseases such as inflammatory diseases and anemia.
Whenever there’s a blockage of urine flow, there’s trouble ahead. It could be a kidney stone or tumor or other reason causing this obstructive uropathy condition, but there is a solution.
Doctors at the University of Queensland in Brisbane Australia noted that using the standard medical treatment of ACE inhibitors is not completely effective. They used a combination of Astragalus and Angelica herb – traditionally used as a remedy to break up fibrosis in China – along with the ACE inhibitors – and singly to find out what worked best. The study was done in rats.
The rats had an obstruction in their ureter and received 2.1 grams dried herbs with water or alcohol, or with an ACE inhibitor. The combination of the ACE inhibitor plus the herb was significantly more effective than the ACE inhibitor alone. This treatment significantly decreased fibrosis in the kidney tubules than using the drug alone. Their next plan is to try it in humans.
Another study showed that when there was an obstruction in the rat kidney, nitric oxide production is affected.
When a combination of Astragalus and Angelica was given to the animals with kidney interstitial fibrosis, it resulted in an increase of nitric oxide production of up to 78%. The level of scavenging free radicals were significantly increased after 3 and 7 days. After these changes, there was an improved microvasculature and attenuated interstitial fibrosis.
When Chinese herbal medicine – Angelica sinensis and two other herbs were added to peritoneal dialysis, it improved the defense ability of the macrophages in the gut, reduced the incidence of inflammation and enhanced the therapeutic effect of the dialysis.
In a rat study of chronic progressive kidney disease, kidney damage was alleviated at the 8th and 12th week in the two herb treatment groups. A combination of Astragalus and Angelica was used for their antifibrotic effects.
Urinary protein excretion decreased from 55% to 75% during the study. The renal capillary density increased 94% at the 8th week. Other changes that were positive occurred, showing that the herb combination had kidney protective effects.
At Peking University, a rat study gave results that help kidney disease patients have hope again. The rats developed chronic kidney nephrosis and were treated with a mixture of astragalus and angelica or an ACE inhibitor called enalapril.
The study continued for 12 weeks. In the untreated rats, chronic renal injury progressed to marked fibrosis at 12 weeks. The herbs however, reduced the deterioration of the kidney function and anatomical damage. They also showed decreases of type III and IV collagen, fibronectin and laminin. The herbs did not affect the renin-angiotensin system but did affect the expression of osteopontin compared to untreated controls. The effects of the herbs were comparable to the ACE inhibitor but without side effects.
In a Chinese study performed at the Peking Hospital, an animal study proved that Angelica sinensis combined with Astragalus was enough to make a big difference in renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with chronic renal failure. In this type of kidney failure the glomeruli become scarred and protein escapes the body through the urine.
The herbal combination decreased protein excretion by 45% at the end of the 12th week, decreased the scarring with the fibrosis almost totally disappeared. These amazing results are something that impressed the scientists.
Scientists from Taiwan evaluated 11,625 patients that had taken Angelica sinensis for kidney disease and found that if they had taken the herb, their risk for dying from chronic kidney disease was 60% of the risk of those who didn’t take the herb.
Membranous nephropathy is a leading cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. However, using Angelica sinensis herb extract, you can expect changes in the protein excreted in the urine from the disease.
The herb also helped with high blood fat levels and raised low albumin levels. It increased antioxidant levels too. To sum up all the positive effects, the whole progression of the membranous nephropathy occurred via the regulation of oxidative stresses, angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors and attenuation of the Th2 response.
It’s the polysaccharides in Angelica herb that can be responsible for the protective effects on the kidney. One mouse study proved this.
They gave mice injections of D-galactose that causes damage to the kidney and some received Angelica extract as well. Those who received the herb showed decreases in BUN, creatinine, the scoring on the hardening of the renal corpuscle, the renal capsular space and the renal tubular lumen,basement membrane thickness, and increases in the number of normal renal corpuscles, ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cells, plus the activity of the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase antioxidants.
In conclusion, the polysaccharides of Angelica can turn back the hands of time when there’s been damage to the kidney from the D-galactose injury in mice.
Doctors in Belgium were worried about the kidney damage caused by cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug that causes numerous side effects. Current methods used to try to stop the kidney damage don’t work all that well and they needed a fresh idea.
The fresh idea came from the use of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels because the herb is helpful for other kidney disorders.
In their lab study, they found that Cisplatin killed 76% of the cells in the culture but if the herbal extract was added to the cells at the rate of 50mcg/ml, 85% of the cells survived the cisplatin treatment. The herbal extract couldn’t stop the oxidative stress caused by the drug but doses of 5 and 50 mcg/ml was able to raise the rate of recovery. The scientists were impressed with the power of the herb to do so much good and offer kidney protective effects.
The same Belgium researchers published another paper explaining that three of the active ingredients of Angelica – ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide and E-ligustilide played an important role in preventing the toxicity of cisplatin in the body. The ferulic acid alleviated cell death and collagen deposition and enhanced cell regeneration. It also inhibited the B-catenin pathway but wasn’t too good at lowering oxidative stress. Z- and E-ligustilides were great for reducing oxidative stress but only moderately good at other preventative measures. Ferulic acid appears to be a promising kidney protective substance that needs preclinical investigation, the scientists said.
In Israel, 55 women who were past menopause age were still having hot flashes and yet wouldn’t take hormones as treatment.
The doctors divided the women into two groups – one that received an herbal combination of Angelica sinensis and chamomile or the placebo for 12 weeks. Daily they recorded symptoms.
There was a significant difference found between the groups in their menopausal symptoms. Those who took the treatment had a 90-96% decrease in their symptoms while the control group showed only a 15-25% decrease. In the herb group, the reduction in hot flashes was 68% during the first month of treatment (for day symptoms) and 74% during the night. They also noted better sleep and more energy. This hormone free therapy worked for the women.
In rats, the administration of a standardized ethanol extract in rats with their ovaries removed showed a return to the normal uterine histological architecture. The Angelica extract modified the vaginal smear in 67% of treated rats. The Italian scientists report estrogenic activity of the herb Angelica sinensis.
This estrogenic activity was tested in cell cultures to see if it would activate estrogen sensitive and insensitive breast cancer cells. The water extract dis stimulate the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol and stimulated the BT-20 cancer cells with or without 17-beta-estradiol in a dose dependent manner. For this reason, it’s best to be careful about using the herb in women with breast cancer.
Researchers in Taiwan at the National Yang-Ming University were amazed at the whole range of pharmacological effects associated with Angelica sinensis that might be beneficial when wound healing is required. The range involves collagen secretion, migration, free radical quenching, and a lot more. The major active ingredient for skin healing was found to be ferulic acid.
Angelica extract which was made up of primarily polysaccharides, also worked quite well to heal an ulcer in the GI tract. It increases the synthesis of mucus and the migration and proliferation of normal gastric epithelial cells. It directly heals the gastric mucosa.
If you have skin pigmentation issues, you’ll be interested in Angelica herb. It promotes the proliferation of melanocytes, the synthesis of melanin and tyrosinase. The most potent effects were found at 1 grams/liter.
The reason why dong quai has anti-coagulant (anti-clotting) activities is because of two of the herb’s active constituents. Those active ingredients are 6beta,9-dihydroxy-(+)-alpha-pinene and 9-hydroxy-(+)-alpha-pinene-6Beta-O-D-glucoside.
Whenever there’s hair loss, the keratinocyte undergoes cell death and regression during the two stages of hair growth. Korean researchers applied a 70% alcohol extract of Korean Angelica sinensis at doses of 1 and 100 mg/ml to mice for two weeks. The mice had hair loss.
The group of mice that had been treated showed noticeable hair regrowth. The herbal extract restored the lengths of hair shafts and the size of the hair follicles. They also had notable decreased numbers of dead cells and the biochemical markers that showed death proteins.
They concluded that Angelica sinensis can be an alternative treatment for hair loss and that it acts through hair cycle pathways associated with cell death regression during catagen.
Orthopedic surgeons would be happy to hear about this research from 2015: An active ingredient called Ligustilide from the herb Angelica showed that there was function recovery from a spinal cord injury via preventing the production of free radicals.
This tells us there is something that can be done naturally when this type of serious injury occurs. The study was done in animals but there is quite a bit of hope for the translation of research results into humans.
Fibrosis is a common complication after fusing the vertebrae when there’s been a herniated disk. It causes pain for long periods of time. Because Angelica sinensis has shown anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antiproliferative properties, it was tested in rats to see if the anti-fibrotic properties were real and could help something as serious as fibrosis of the spine.
Sixty rats were the testing population; 20 in the Angelica sinensis group, 20 in the saline treatment group and 20 in the sham group that had the laminectomy without treatment). All the tests done on the rats showed that the best results were in the Angelica herb group. The researchers concluded that topical application of the herb was good enough to inhibit fibroblast proliferation, TGF-beta 1 and IL-6 expression and prevented epidural scar adhesion in rats after the laminectomy surgery.
In traditional Chinese medicine, practitioners often mix together a concoction of 1 part dang quai and 5 parts Astragalus for treating different skin diseases. Korean doctors tested whether the combined herbal treatment was better than the single extract of either herb in human subjects with dermatitis.
Using the combination, the clinical symptoms went away – including scratching behavior and decreased skin thickness. The total serum IgE level and number of mast cells was also down to normal. This same response occurred with either of the single herbs but the combination herb had the best results.
Animal studies show the possibility of using Angelica sinensis for obesity. In one study of obese mice, some given the herb for four weeks, those who received the herb had smaller fat cells, greater weight loss and genetic changes that would cause long-term weight loss.
Patients at a Chinese university hospital with colitis had elevated platelet counts that can be related to vascular endothelium injury. Angelica herb can significantly inhibit platelet activation, relieve the vascular endothelium injury and improve microcirculation in ulcerative colitis patients, as seen in this study of 39 patients.
Ulcerative colitis involves an imbalance of intestinal bacteria as well as too many free radicals with not enough antioxidants. In a rat study based in Hong Kong, Angelica herb polysaccharides were given to rats with the disorder. The herb polysaccharide pretreatment prevented the oxidative stress and prevented the white blood cell infiltration of the intestine.
Not very many researchers think outside the box to come up with new approaches to disease but the ones at Hunter College of CUNY and the NYU Langone Medical Center certainly did. The Langone Medical Center is associated with the New York University School of Medicine.
They took an immune boosting formulation of 10 medicinal herbs used clinically in East Asia to boost immunity and examined the lipopolysaccharide-like factors that contributed to the immune boosting activity. They found there were structural variants of lipopolysaccharides available in the formula. From this, they deduced that there may be a possibility that the formula contained immune boosting bacteria.
Next they ran ribosomal RNA sequencing for Angelica sinensis (root) because it was one of the most potent immunostimulatory herbs in the formula. The sequencing proved fruitful and a total of 519 bacteria genera were found. The most abundant genus was Rahnella, which appeared to correlate with the immunostimulatory activity of the herb.
They stated that this evidence supports the emerging theory of bacterial contribution in immune boosting herbs.
Bones need a lot of nutrition to heal and Angelica sinensis is one of the herbs that frequently appears in the traditional herbal medicines for bone injuries. Scientists at a high school in Pittsburgh, PA took bone stem cells and incubated them with different concentrations of a water extract of the herb Angelica in cultures and then counted the cells produced.
They found that the best concentration of the Angelica herbal tea was <125 mcg/ml but any concentration >250 mcg/ml didn’t work at all. The herb multiplied the cells, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, protein secretion and type I collagen synthesis, all in a dose-dependent manner.
This study was one of the human studies done on Angelica and it’s quite impressive. Nerve block treatment was used for 60 patients with cervical spondylosis and 60 patients received the nerve block treatment plus the herb Angelica combined with another herb Miluoning.
The results were far superior with patient treatment satisfaction when the herbs were added to the treatment, allowing the researchers to make the statement that the herbs plus the medical treatment could achieve better medical results.
In 2014, Chinese scientists were rejoicing because not only had they previously discovered an acidic glycan from the polysaccharide fraction in Angelica sinensis called APSs but also because it could protect rat cartilate from developing arthritis. The herb did this by promoting glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis in cartilage cells. This study was done in rats and next was the human cell research.
They took human chondrocytes and treated them with the APS. What they found was synthesis of GAG and also UDP-xylose plus the gene expression of UDP-sugar synthases, insulin like growth factor 1, and IGF1 receptor. It made all the necessary changes for the arthritis to resolve. They concluded that APSs could potentially be a novel therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis.
A team of French scientists from the University of Lorraine collaborated with Chinese scientists at the Basic Medical School and Zhongnan Hospital at Wuhan University in China to get nit-picky and find out exactly what was in Angelica sinensis that caused the good benefits for people with arthritis.
Their search for knowledge proved fruitful. Two main components of the plant – sodium ferulate, a medicinal constituent – and one of the polysaccharides in the plant were the parts of the plant responsible for the positive benefits. Sodium ferulate showed marked anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic (prevents cell death) properties. It did this by inhibiting the TNF/TNFR signal transduction pathway. The polysaccharide fraction promoted proteoglycan biosynthesis in the cartilage matrix by stimulating the activity of the UDP-glycosyltransferases that synthesize the chondroitin sulfate chains of aggrecans. These two combined actions would prevent cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis and tip the scales in favor of cartilage repair.
Doctors and rheumatologists in China wanted to see what type of effects they could discover from the use of an ethyl acetate fraction of Angelica sinensis. They tested it in the lab on rheumatoid arthritis joint fibroblasts and enzymes and prostaglandins that cause bone and cartilage destruction.
They found the inhibition of all things tested that damaged the joints and other things activated for the preservation of the joint. This convinced them that Angelica ethyl acetate extracts could be a new therapeutic modality for the management of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Another way that dong quai can help those with arthritis is by protecting chondrocytes from hydrogen peroxide free radicals, which causes cellular injury. The herb does this through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cell death activities. Because of this, Chinese scientists say it could become a therapeutic supplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Angelica is often included in dietary supplements for menopause in the U.S. and in Europe. With diminishing levels of hormones, women in menopause are more prone to develop osteoporosis.
Korean researchers tested the effects of the herb on rats without ovarian function at levels of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg daily over four weeks. In this short period of time, the markers of bone turnover, serum alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1 and osteocalcin were significantly decreased at the 300 mg/kg level.
They concluded that the herb can prevent menopause-related bone loss in rats in another mechanism, one that is totally independent of estrogen. The herb equivalency for a 150-pound female is 20 grams daily.
Asthma can occur because of an abnormal immune system function of T regulatory cells. Chinese scientists found that by first injecting the volatile oil of the root of Angelica sinensis for sensitization and then having the animals breathe the volatile oils in an aerosol, their respiratory functions and asthmatic behaviors improved. They concluded that Angelica offers anti-asthma effects and can improve a poorly functioning set of T regulatory cells.
Doctors in another study tested the effects of the herb Angelica sinensis via an injection in 10 chronic bronchitis patients and 10 healthy subjects. After two hours there was a significant change, preventing the intracellular calcium ion elevation and the CD11c expression found in chronic bronchitis patients. The doctors believe that the herb may inhibit the non-specific inflammation of the respiratory tract.
As far back as 2007, Angelica sinensis was proven in animal studies to be effective in protecting against radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in animals. The scientists that reported this believed that the herb may be useful in preventing the same thing from happening in humans.
Treatment of Angelica sinensis was found to be effective in treating and alleviating interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, Chinese researchers reported from a few different hospitals in China. They had been doing animal studies on the topic. The mechanism of action was through lowering collagen in the lung cells, inhibiting the activity of NF-xB and reducing the TGF-b expression. Now that this is known, human trials may be next.
Scientists in Zhengzhou China were especially excited to find that four new polysaccharides called CAPS30, CAPS50, CAPS70 and CAPS80 from Angelica sinensis are active constituents of the herb contributing to the immune system regulatory mechanisms in the body.
Their results showed that they could cause proliferation of the lymphocyte, upregulate and stimulate the production of IFN-y, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. CAPS50 and CAPS70 could even increase the ratio of CD3(+)CD56(+) cells.
Chinese scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China believe that the anti-tumor activity of Angelica sinensis may be affected by its regulation on iron metabolism in mice. The herb inhibited tumors at rates of 27.11%, 31.65% and 37.05% while also affecting levels of serum hepcidin, IL-6, ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin receptor 1 and 2.
A water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from the roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels was evaluated by pharmacist scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China. They found it to be a killer of liver HepG2 cells (34% at 1 mg/ml) and MCf-7 cancer cells (28.9% at 1 mg/ml) and also had mild inhibitory action against A549 cells. This proved that the herb has antitumor activity.
Doctors at the Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, New York University School of Medicine in Manhasset, New York reported in 2006 in the medical literature that Angelica sinensis contains water-soluble components that exert protective effects against sepsis. This is when an infection causes so much pollution in the bloodstream that the infection starts shutting down organs.
The herb protected against sepsis by changing the body’s accululation of a late proinflammatory cytokine called HMGB1. HMGB1 stands for high mobility group box 1 protein.
Sepsis can also be caused by an injection of lipopolysaccharides – and this is done commonly in the research studies. In a rabbit study Angelica herb active constituent ligustilide prevented all the damaging increases in liver enzymes, decline in kidney function and heart function as well as decline in lung function. It restored the function of the injured vital organs, a very desirable effect.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes serious lung infections that can easily take a life. Yet using the herb Angelica sinensis can change the course of history for patients with this bad health problem.
A rat study done in Copenhagen, Denmark proved this with only 10 days of herbal treatment. The herb cleared the bacteria from the lungs, reduced fever, decreased the number and incidence of lung abscesses, lowered lung mast count and decreased the antibodies against the bacteria.
Multidrug resistance is a problem in two types of conditions: 1) when there’s an infection, and 2) in cancer chemotherapy for malignant tumors.
The genetic link to multidrug resistance is the overexpression of glutathione-S-transferase. Smart professors at the Medical College of Shantou University in China did a literature search for glutathione-S-transferase inhibitors that were natural products and the herb Angelica sinensis turned up. It contains two active compounds that both inhibit the glutathione at 50% inhibitory levels. These active ingredients also had other positive functions. They worked to reverse the multidrug resistance.
In another study at the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, scientists isolated coniferyl ferulate from the root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. This was the active ingredient responsible for strong inhibitory effects of human placental glutathione-s-transferase, which causes multidrug resistance. Its effect was stronger than a known medical GST inhibitor. Hooray for Angelica benefits once again!
Scientists at the UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Scienes at the College of Pharmacy at the University of Illinois in Chicago confirmed that Angelica sinensis contained five polyynes of which two tested positively for anti-TB activity. Another two showed weaker activity against the tuberculosis microbe.
Dengue is a disease spread by Aedes aegypti, the mosquito. Herbs and plants are rich sources of natural insect repellents – and quite popular among today’s consumers.
Thai researchers tested 33 different plant species and found that Angelica sinensis was the most effective repellent with its essential oil and alcohol extract having average complete protection times of 7.0 hours and 2.5 hours, respectively. However, it had a pungent smell, caused a bit of irritation on the skin and didn’t give a high yield for the amount of product.
Only when the scientists did a hexane extraction were they able to get enough product that met all their criteria. They’ll be taking it to the next step – to try to develop it into an alternative natural repellent on a commercial basis.
Types of cancers affected by Angelica: Breast cancer, human bladder cancer, brain cancer, acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia, melanoma, and colon cancer
One study performed in 2012 at a military medical university in China reported in its findings that the sulfated polysaccharides from Angelica were able to inhibit the leukemia virus at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg (26% inhibition and 30% inhibition, respectively).
All doses of Angelica between 3 and 30 mg/kg were able to increase the body’s CD4(+) stem cells significantly so the body could fight the virus on its own. The virus also reduced the weight of the thymus and entire body (in mice); yet this was remediated by the herb in a dose dependent way (the greater the dose, the greater the effect.)
The scientists were thrilled that Angelica herb polysaccharides could not only inhibit replication of the leukemia virus but also improve the immune system function at the same time.
Chinese scientists at the Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention proved that the polysaccharide in Angelica sinensis causes breast cancer cells to die.
It does this by creating higher amounts of a certain protein that then causes signals to be sent out to kill the breast cancer cells. It also caused the cancer cells to lose their mitochondrial function. Because of this, they believe that Angelica will be a promising therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
In 2014, Chinese researchers at the Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering at Chongqing Medical University tested leukemia stem cells for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) to see if Angelica sinensis herb was capable of inhibiting their reproduction. Success was found. The herb killed leukemia cells and spared the human stem cells that would make new blood cells. The greater the concentration of herb used, the greater the results.
The herb did this by inducing old age in the leukemia cells, changing the genetic code (upgraded the gene expression) for p53, p16, p21 and Rb genes as well as cell cycle regulation proteins p16, p21, cyclin E and CDK4, and changed the telomeres, too. Angelica herb repressed telomerase activity, which is the enzyme that makes cancer cells live forever. On the basis of their study, the scientists concluded that Angelica is a potentially important agent for leukemia stem cell targeted therapy.
Similar positive findings were found by scientists for chronic myelogenous leukemia. The herb used an erythropoietin induced tyrosine phosphorylation system and the signaling pathway that accompanied it. They also concluded that Angelica should be developed as a potential treatment for CML.
Leukemia is a type of malignant blood system tumor in the hematopoietic stem cells, say Chinese researchers. They set about trying to determine how Angelica regulates the aging of leukemia cells. Their model was human AML cell lines, treated with different concentrations of Angelica herb. They discovered that the herb inhibit the reproduction the leukemia cells by blocking the cells in the G0/G1 phase. The bottom line was that the herb regulated the expression of aging-related proteins – and that when the herb was used along with anticancer drugs, the response was better.
Chinese scientists reported in 2012 that Angelica sinensis might have anti-growth and anti-metastatic activity against lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells in multiple ways. The herb decreases the ability of the cancer cells to adhere to their final destination. It reduced the invasiveness and ability to migrate to new locations. It suppressed lung metastasis in animal studies. And it inhibited the enzyme activities of the metalloproteinasess involved in cancer.
Colorectal carcinoma – Angelica extracts given to mice were able to prevent the development of colorectal carcinoma associated with inflammation, according to researchers that reported this in a top Chinese medical journal in 2014.
Colon Cancer – Hong Kong scientists discovered three active ingredients in Angelica in the phthalides category that show significant synergy in inhibiting cell proliferation of colon cancer cells.
Brain cancer – Angelica has been found to suppress growths of malignant brain tumors or rat and human origin and also shrink the volume of glioblastomas both in the laboratory and in animal studies, reports Taiwan scientists.
Neuroblastoma is a devastating tumor of the brain that occurs in children quite commonly. Unfortunately it has a high reoccurrence rate. In a Chinese study, scientists found that cell viability of the neuroblastoma cells was reduced by 200-500 mcg/ml. The herb repressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion and caused cell death of the cancer cells. It also made appropriate up-regulations and down-regulations in the genes that were causing the cancer to continue.
Prostate Cancer – At the Center for Cancer Prevention Research at Rutgers University in New Jersey, scientists found that the overall health benefits of Angelica are due to epigenetic modifications of genes including Nrf2, which affects methylation of DNA in the body. The anticancer effect of the herb and its active constituent, Z-ligustilide contributes to prostate cancer reversal.
Melanoma – Angelica makes a significant difference in melanoma. How does it affect the invasion, adhesion, migration and metastasis of the melanoma cells? Professors at the Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine found the answer – it inhibited the proliferation of B16-BL6 metastasis cells and the migration capacity. The herb regulated the adhesion of the cells to the laminin protein in the basement membrane.
Cervical cancer – Another new polysaccharide was discovered from the herb Angelica – this one called APS-1d, which has antitumor mechanisms. When tested in cervical cancer, APS-1d decreased the cancer cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner in the laboratory. It worked because it regulated Bcl-2 family protein expression, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased cytochrome c levels. It works primarily by activating the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
Bladder Cancer – Angelica sinensis is definitely something that should be in the bladder cancer therapy regimen, say researchers from 10 different institutions in Taiwan. They checked all the records of patients that were given the herb.
The active constituent of the herb, N-butylidenephthalide is what was used in the study and associated with bladder cancer cell death in a time and dose-dependent manner. The herb ingredient also suppressed the migration of bladder cancer cells, made genetic changes, caused a 44.2% reduction in tumor volume after treatment for 26 days, and activated the mitochondria intrinsic pathway. When used with cisplatin, there was even more inhibition of bladder cancer cell growth.
Liver Cancer – The total polysaccharide of Chinese danggui possesses anti-tumor effects in animal models and inhibitor effects on invasion and metastasis of liver cancer cells in the laboratory.
In one medical report, Taiwan doctors stated that Angelica sinensis (danggi) was effective in reducing the size of cerebral infarction (clot) and improving neurological deficit scores, due to the herb’s anti-atherosclerosis, anti-hypertensive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
In another study – this one a human study done at Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan China, 100,404 patients were treated with either an injection of Angelica herb, a salve or an injection with dextran after a stroke. The best effectiveness was 79% in the improvement of neurofunction deficit scores from the Angelica injection. As based on CT scans, the cerebral infarct decreased in size the highest in this group as well. The herbal treatment was only two weeks.
Chinese researchers ran an animal study and found that Angelica herb extract significantly affected the brain toxicity resulting from beta-amyloid damage. It did this in a dose-dependent manner.
Why Angelica herb benefits patients suffering from cognitive impairment due to not enough blood making it to the brain was the question in the minds of researchers at Wuhan University in China in the Department of Neurology. Part of the reason why was because the herb prevents the neurotoxic effects of beta-amyloid and protects from injuries due to oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular death. They undertook a rat study on the topic. Soon they discovered that the herb enhances the genesis of neural cells in the hippocampus in adults after chronic cerebral lack of circulation and improves the cognitive decline associated with that lack of circulation.
This was verified when they were able to eliminate all synthesis of hippocampal neural cells via irradiation to the brain. That’s when they saw that the herb had no effects whatsoever.
Angelica also restores low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, called BDNF for short, as well as the cAMP-responsive element binding protein and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65. Their study proves that in order for Angelica to deliver cognitive benefits to those that have low brain circulation to the cerebral tissues, there has to be the ability to synthesize new brain cells. The scientists believe that “well-known traditional medicine may represent a candidate therapeutic agent for the treatment of dementia associated with vascular injury.”
In a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, giving injections of Angelica sinensis was able to reverse the social and behavioral impairments seen in the rats who had memory impairment that simulated Alzheimer’s disease. The scientists found lower levels of beta-amyloid in the hippocampus, lower levels of inflammation and upregulated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The researchers concluded that Angelica sinensis “effectively rescued the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in a rat model by inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis (cell death), and Necrosis factor.
A subarachnoid hemorrhage is the result of a stroke that causes 25% of all stroke deaths yet only accounts for 3-7% of stroke cases annually. The damage caused by it can cause serious neurological and/or cognitive impairments.
Angelica sinensis has proven itself in research studies to reduce injuries that occur from stroke by preventing cell death in certain pathways. The active ingredient in the herb is Z-ligustilide, which reduces mortality, brain edema, the neural and behavioral deficits, the blood-brain-barrier permeability and the spasms that occur in the arteries of the brain. It’s an effective therapeutic treatment for stroke victims.
Chronic stress accumulation is associated with cognitive dysfunction. The brain suffers when we’re under severe stress and chronic stress. Angelica herb (root) has been shown to have brain protective effects when treating Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia (dementia caused by hardening of the arteries).
In a Chinese rat study in 2015, researchers reported that Angelica herb alleviated negative alterations in the structure of synapses and neurons in the hippocampus in rats under chronic restraint stress. It increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other important hippocampal proteins. The scientists concluded that this is initial evidence in using Angelica herb for conditions where brain deterioration is caused by chronic stress.
In another study, the antidepressant effect of Angelica extracts from stress-induced depression was found to be mediated via the upregulation of the BDNF signaling pathway in rats. One gram of the herb per kg body weight normalized their depression-related behaviors. There were distinct changes in the hippocampus as well.
Scientists at the university of Illinois at Chicago were the first to discover and identify 21 new compounds in the Angelica sinensis plant in 2006. Some of them were phthalides; another was the first report of a sulfonamide identified from a higher plant source. Six compounds were ones that can bind onto 5-HT receptors in the body, showing they have possible serotonergic activity.
Scientists have proposed that it’s possible to use neural stem cells to help control aging. The polysaccharides in Angelic are active ingredients treasured by traditional Chinese medicine because of various types of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anti-aging effects.
In an animal study, Chinese scientists found that when Angelica herb was injected along with D-galactose (causes aging), the retarding of aging was achieved. The danggui extract delayed aging speed by protecting the stem cells in the brain and promoting neurogenesis by enhancing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity.
It’s the polysaccharides in Angelica sinensis that are responsible for the herb’s antioxidant activity, says Dr. S. Ai of the Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University. They used optimal extraction techniques by leaving the water temperature at 100 degrees Centigrade and letting the herb soak in the water for 3 hours.
With this method, they obtained a level of 5.6% polysaccharides. Rabbits were then given the polysaccharides for 40 days at a dose of 150 or 300 mg/kg body weight to ‘beef up’ their tissues with antioxidants. At the end of the 40 days, the animals had a brain trauma, followed by reperfusion therapy. This is a sure way to use up antioxidants in the brain.
The rabbits that had been taking the herb had significantly decreased oxidative damage and higher levels of antioxidants in their brain. There were other benefits as well – better acetylcholine levels, sodium and potassium ATPase levels, calcium levels and magnesium levels. Glucose levels were decreased.
They concluded that Angelica plays an important and potent role of ASP in the protection of brain oxidative injury in animals with this type of brain trauma. The equivalency of the herb for humans if the same dose was used would be 10-20 grams daily.
Athletes often have anemia due to sports participation because of exercise induced free radical production and hepcidin upregulation. Yet the roots of Angelica are a possible solution.
In a Chinese rat study, strenuous exercise caused sports anemia in the animals. Some of them received Angelica at a dose of 300 mg/kg per day. After 4 weeks of strenuous exercise, the rats had to perform exhaustive exercise.
The rats that received the dong quai extract had significantly elevated red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit levels. The herb decreased serum hepcidin concentrations by 33% and increased serum iron levels by 34.3%. The scientists concluded that dong quai rescued the anemic condition that was induced by four weeks of strenuous exercise.
Even with regular non-sports related iron deficiency anemia, Angelica helps supplement the blood and activates blood circulation. It may be used as a new iron-supplementing agent with a double therapeutic efficacy on blood supplementation for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, state Chinese doctors at Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College in Wuhan, China.
Researchers from Taiwan at the Taipei Medical University and National Taiwan Sport University and a few other universities collaborated together to put one of their long perplexities to rest in a medical study. They saw that Angelica sinensis had clear antioxidant activities in previous research studies – and if it did, the test of this would be on exercise performance and on fatigue.
They ran a mouse study to find out, using two different levels of Angelica herb – one at 0.41 grams/kg/day, another at 2.05 grams/kilogram/day, and a sedentary control group as well as an exercise group. The mice received the herbs for six weeks. The exercise the mice had to do was up to 15 minutes swimming.
Both herb-receiving groups had significantly enhanced endurance swimming time and blood sugar levels as well as blood lactate, ammonia and creatine kinase levels. Their muscle glycogen levels were higher as well. This level of supplementation is close to 140 grams herb for a 150-pound human. The scientists concluded that Angelica may be an effective ergogenic aid and used in exercise training.
The polysaccharides of Angelica are also able to increase antioxidant levels and decrease the MDA levels found in skeletal muscle when rats exercised to the point of exhaustion. The herb was able to protect against the oxidative stress caused by exhaustive exercise.
Doctors in Lanzhou, China convened and did a complete literature search for the effects of Angelica herb treatment on heart attack patients. They found that the herb was cardioprotective and validated in rat studies when the animals developed a heart attack and glucose deprivation by ligation of the left anterior coronary artery.
The researchers also found that the polysaccharides in Angelica decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death in the laboratory and in animal studies. It reduced the size of the infarct and preserved heart function.
It also attenuated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and maintained a balance in the antioxidant levels after a heart attack. The positive associations between the herb and the heart occurred through multiple targets and several key signaling pathways.
Angelica herb protects the heart against ischemic injury by activating transcription factor 6 to ameliorate the detrimental endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates the adenosine monophosphate-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha pathway.
Chinese doctors evaluated case histories of 156 patients with unstable angina searching for the types of herbs that they were prescribed. Angelica sinensis was one of the major herbs used. Other herbs fell into the same category as Angelica – they were blood-activating drugs, phlem-resolving drugs.
Atherosclerosis is one of those incurable conditions that plagues mankind. Yet, there may be an answer from the herbal kingdom – one that involves Angelica sinensis.
In one mouse study, the histopathology results showed that Angelica sinensis volatile oil could relieve the fatty degeneration of liver cells and the injury of the inner lining of the aortic artery as well as heart fibrosis. These could inhibit the formation of athersosclerotic plaque.
In another study, doctors at the General Hospital of Chinese People’s
Armed Police Forces in Beijing tested the results of dong quai, astragalus, and the combination of the two herbs in animals that had an aorta that was injured. They were given drugs for 21 days that caused the aortic damage. When the inside layers of the aorta are damaged, the body comes to its rescue by increasing levels of nitric oxide. However, when the herbs were given, they were able to inhibit proliferation of the inner layers of the aorta that would lead to hardening of the arteries.
Doxorubicin is used to treat solid tumors and blood cancers but it is well known to cause acute and chronic heart problems. On the other hand, the herb Angelica sinensis has been used for centuries to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. It doesn’t have negative side effects. Chinese scientists set out to see whether or not the herb would protect against the heart damage caused by doxorubicin in a mouse study.
Mice were given 15 grams of Angelica herb/kg orally daily for 4 weeks followed by saline or doxorubicin intravenously weekly. The dose of doxorubicin that usually caused animal death and heart injury was 60 mg/kg. It did this by increasing the QT interval and decreasing the heart rate, decreasing heart antioxidant activity increasing serum AST and causing myocardial sores.
Mice that received the Angelica had significantly reduced mortality and improved heart performance. Their antioxidant activity and AST normalized, which prevented the death of cardiac cells and improved arrhythmias and conduction of the heart.
The scientists also commented that the herb still allowed the antitumor activity of doxorubicin to work in their bodies. Angelica herb protected the heart from oxidative stress and could be used in combination with doxorubicin chemotherapy to protect the patients in the future.
Angiotensin II plays an important prat in mediating heart disease and sometimes causes enlargement of the heart and heart cell death. Taiwan scientists investigated whether or not danggui has protective effects on cell death in heart muscle cells and how it works.
They found that first of all the Angiotensin II caused upregulation of proteins that kill cells, instability of the mitochondria membrane, the release of cytochrome c release, and caspase activation in addition to heart cell death. If danggui was used before or after the treatment with Angiotensin II, the herb reversed all the cell effects. Wow, this is great news for those who have heart problems!
Scientists are always looking for a way to deliver a medicine into cells so healing can occur. In China, scientists were thinking outside the box and wanted to be able to do this process more safely than what is commonly done. They found the answer with Angelica.
They were able to use the herb’s polysaccharide fraction as an efficient and safe non-viral gene vector. They created a nanoparticle of the herb and the gene and it worked in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. They’re looking forward to using this new method to develop a novel non-viral gene vector that could be used in those who have genetic disorders.
Angelica has been proven to do some pretty amazing things to stem cells. In one Chinese study, scientists attempted to age endothelial progenitor cells – the ones that become the blood vessels of the body via a big dose of oxidized fat. For example, it inhibited aging of the stem cells and allowed the enzyme telomerase to work more productively, from 42% to 100%. Telomerase is the enzyme that is responsible for lengthening the life of cells. Superoxide levels were increased to 375%
One of the big questions that stem cell research scientists ask is whether or not a progenitor stem cell – that is one that can potentially become other cells – will become the type of stem cell that the patient needs. Stem cell scientists in Lanzhou China mixed Angelica sinensis with another herb, Hedysarum polybotrys and then tested it to see if what they got out of the culture was nerve cells. That’s what they needed.
Their mixture of herbs worked, showing marked proliferation effects on the new nerve cells. The next step is to use the combination for clinical research.
On another note, X-ray radiation is known to shorten telomeres. It also increases the cell ratio of the G1 stage, the expression of the p53 protein, and the rate of SA-beta-Gal positive cells. Yet, Angelica could significantly affect the cell ratio of the G1 stage and the increase in the number of SA-beta-Gal positive cells, downregulate the expression of p53 and increase the length of the telomere while increasing the vitality of telomerase in human stem cells.
Stem cells can prevent a cancer patient from dying from a failing bone marrow, one that has been killed by radiation or chemotherapy. At a military medical university in Shanghai, two new polysaccharides were isolated from the root of dong quai, APS-1a and APS-3a. They mainly consisted of galactose, and increased the thymus and spleen index, the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in the blood and even the number of bone marrow cells in irradiated mice.
These same compounds protected mice against radiation-induced changes in the bone marrow. They are especially important for promoting the production of blood cells from bone marrow.
Scientists in Taiwan confirmed this same function of Angelica in 2010. They tested the polysaccharides from Angelica in mice that were suffering from anemia from blood loss. The active constituents of the herb even in a low dose of only 2.3 mg polysaccharides/kg per day were enough to significantly accelerate the recovery of hemoglobin level of the blood loss. They concluded that these active ingredients have a good potential for use for the treatment of anemia.
For diabetes, what’s better – the polysaccharides of Angelica or the fresh roots? This is what scientists asked in China before they ran their animal study. They found after four weeks of Angelica sinensis in either form there were many changes:
• liver glycogen and muscle glycogen levels increased
• insulin resistance was ameliorated.
• Body weight was reduced significantly.
• Serum total cholesterol or triglyceride levels were reduced after treatment, too.
• Inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-alpha were reduced.
• Tissue samples showed that impaired pancreas and liver tissues plus fat tissues were effectively restored in both diabetic and prediabetic mice after treatment.
They concluded that Angelica can be used both for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Another study confirmed similar findings in animals, noting the addition of these changes from using the polysaccharides from the herb’s roots:
• stimulation of insulin secretion
• regulation of adipokine release
• reducing liver fat accumulation
• attenuating liver injury from a high fat diet
• protection of the animals against liver damage
The scientists suggested that dong quai “might be used in prescriptions or functional foods for the prevention or treatment of diabetes and liver diseases.”
Diabetes often brings with it a whole range of complications, and one of them is vision changes such as diabetic retinopathy. Chinese researchers found that dang gui (another way of spelling dong quai) was often combined with astragalus to treat inflammation and diseases where oxygen levels were low and caused serious problems.
They added Panax notoginseng to the ancient formula and gave the formula to diabetic rats to see what would happen in the retina as a result. The formula decreased all inflammatory factors in the retinas, reversed the high blood sugar levels that caused the endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate into the retina and reduced the leakage of blood from the blood vessels. In short, it “had a potent effect in preventing the pathogenesis and/or progression of diabetic retinopathy and may serve as a promising nontoxic therapeutic approach of the illness.”
Angelica herb has been a favorite herb of traditional Chinese medicine experts for thousands of years if a patient has “poor blood”. The cause of the poor blood could be diet related or kidney disease/cancer or other disease related condition.
In one mouse study at the Gansu Agricultural University in China, scientists administered 10 grams Angelica herb per kilogram body weight and found great results. They concluded this based on nine different metabolite biomarkers in the plasma and nine in the spleen.
The markers were related to five metabolic pathways – arachidonic acid metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism and the TCA cycle.
The amount used in the study would be equivalent to 454 grams Angelica sinensis extract per day for a 100-pound human, a pretty high amount. However, you probably wouldn’t ever need that much because lesser dosages are working for many other conditions such as anemia.
Introduction
Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). Internet. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US);2006. Dong Quai. Excerpt. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30000896
Hook, I.L. Danggui to Angelica sinensis root: are potential benefits to European women lost in translation? A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2014 Feb 27;152(1):1-13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24365638
Zhang, H.Y. and Liao, W.B. AFLP analysis on genetic diversity of Angelica sinensis. Zhong Yao Cai 2014 Apr;37(4):572-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25345126
Medicinal Constituents
Ma, J.P., et al. Phytochemical progress made in investigations of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Clin J Nat Med 2015 Apr;13(4):241-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908620
Zhang, L.B., et al. Phthalide derivatives with anticoagulation activities from Angelica sinensis. J Nat Prod 2016 Jul 22;79(7):1857-61. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400088
Zhang, S., et al. Extraction, chemical analysis of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides in ischemia-reperfusion rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2010 Nov 1;47(4):546-50. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20691723
Yeh, J.C., et al. Yje natural compound n-butylidenephthalide derived from the volatile oil of Radix Angelica sinensis inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Angiogenesis 2011 May;14(2):187-97. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21327473
Jin, M., et al. Isolation, structure and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels: a review. Carbohydr Polym 2012 Jul 1:89(3):713-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24750855
Lei, T., et al. Polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis alleviate neuronal cell injury caused by oxidative stress. Neural Regen Res 2014 Feb 1;9(3):260-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25206810
Hua, Y., et al. Metabonomics study on the hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from different preparations of Angelica sinensis . J Ethnopharmacol 2014 Feb 12;151(3):1090-1099. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24378353
Zheng, S., Ren, W. and Huang, L. Geoherbalism evaluation of Radix Angelica sinensis based on electronic nose. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015 Feb;105:101-6.
Chen, X.P., et al. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Radix Angelica sinensis. Chin J Nat Med 2013 Nov;11(6):577-87. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24345498
Hook, I.L. Danggui to Angelica sinensis root: are potential benefits to European women lost in translation? A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2014 Feb 27;152(1):1-13.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24365638
Hsu, C.M., Tsai, F.J., and Tsai, Y. Inhibitory effect of Angelica sinensis extract in the presence of 2-hydroxypropyl-B-cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2104 Dec 19;114:115-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25263871
Tan, H.S., et al. Distinguishing Radix Angelica sinensis from different regions by SFME/GC-MS. Food Chem 2015 Nov 1;186:200-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25976811
Basic Info
Liu, J., et al. Determination of 135 pesticides and their metabolites in Angelica sinensis by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with solid-phase extraction. Se Pu 2015 Dec;33(12):1257-68. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27097459
Lou, Y., et al. Quick identification of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Angelica sinensis radix by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2012 Apr;37(8):1127-32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22779363
Zhan, J.Y., et al. The sulfu-fumigation reduces chemical composition and biological properties of Angelicae sinensis Radix. Phytomedicine 2014 Sep 25;21(11):1318-24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25172796
Growing Your Own Angelica Plants
Ding, J.X., et al. Correlation analysis between common peaks of Angelica sinensis HPLC fingerprint and mineral elements in its growing soil. Zhong Yao Cai 2015 Aug;38(8):1595-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26983227
Ji, Y., et al. Effects of different altitudes and sowing dates on direct sowing Angelica sinensis yield and quality. Zhong Yao Cai 2015 Sep;38(9):1792-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26930972
Liu, X.N., et al. Research on relevance between macroscopic feature individual differences and quality of Gansu cultivated Angelica sinensis. Zhong Yao Cai 2013 Jun;36(6):871-4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24380265
Gu, Z.R., et al. Study on mineral elements distribution in soil of Angelica sinensis producing regions and its relationship with altitude and soil types. Zhong Yao Cai 2014 Nov;37(11):1919-24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26027109
Wu, Y.A., et al. Influence of humic acid fertilizer on biomass accumulation and quality of Angelica sinensis. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2008 Feb; 33(3):251-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18536458
Pinhua, Y. Effect of boron, manganese and rare soil trace fertilizer on Angelica sinensis. Zhong Yao Cai 2004 Mar;27(3):159-60. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15272776
Anti-Inflammatory
Xu, J., et al. Angelica sinesis attenuates inflammatory reaction in experimental rat models having spinal cord injury. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015 Jun 1;8(6):6779-85. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26261562
Yao, W. , et al. the investigation of anti-inflammatory activity of volatile oil of Angelica sinensis by plasma metabolomics approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2015 Dec;29(2):269-277. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578286
Hua, Y.L., et al. Construction and analysis of correlation networks based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabonomics data for lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and intervention with volatile oil from Angelica sinensis in rats. Mol Biosyst 2015 Nov;11(11):3174-87. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399193
Anti-mosquito protection
Champakaew, D., et al. Assessment of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels as a repellent for personal protection against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions in northern Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2016 Jun 29;9(1):373. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27357395
Liver Protectant and More
Drug toxicity
Hua, Y., et al. Metabonomics study on the hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from different preparations of Angelica sinensis . J Ethnopharmacol 2014 Feb 12;151(3):1090-1099. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24378353
Yu, F., et al. Extraction optimization of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and its antioxidant activity in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2013 Apr 15;94(1):114-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23544518
Liver fibrosis
Liang, X.L. and Yuan, J.Y. Effect of Chinese herbal compound on liver fibrosis in rabbits with schistosomiasis by B-ultrasound. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2013 Aug;6(8):658-62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23790340
Liver injury
Niu, C., et al. Protection of Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels against hepatotoxicity induced by Dioscorea bulbifera L. and its mechanism. Biosci Trends 2014 Oct;8(5):253-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25382441
Wang, K., et al. Angelica sinensis polysaccharide attenuates concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016 Feb;31:140-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26741264
Wang, K., et al. Chronic administration of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide effectively improves fatty liver and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-fed mice. Sci Rep 2016 May 18;6:26229. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27189109
Wang, K.P., et al. Inhibitory effect of polysaccharides isolated from Angelica sinensis on hepcidin expression. J Ethnopharmacol 2011 Apr 12;134(3):944-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21333724
Ding, H., Peng, R., and Yu, J. Modulation of angelica sinensis polysaccharides on the expression of nitric oxide synthase and Bax, Bcl-2 in liver of immunological liver-injured mice. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2001 Jul;9 Suppl:50-2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509139
Kidney Disease
Kidney Stones
Wojcikowski, K., et al. Effect of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis combined with Enalapril in rats with obstructive uropathy. Phytother Res 2010 Jun;24(6):875-84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19960445
Meng, L., et al. A combination of Chinese herbs, Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and Angelica sinensis, enhanced nitric oxide production in obstructed rat kidney. Vascul Pharmacol 2007 Aug-Sep; 47(2-3):174-83. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17627898
Kidney Dialysis
Li, J.C., Yang, Z.R. and Zhang, K. The intervention effects of Angelica sinensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine on peritoneal macrophages during peritoneal dialysis. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2002 Mar;22(3):190-2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12585104
Song, J., et al. A combination of Chinese herbs, Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and Angelica sinensis, improved renal microvascular insufficiency in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2009 May-Jun;50(5-6):185-93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563735
Nephrosis
Wang, H., et al. Antifibrotic effect of the Chinese herbs, Astragalus mongholicus and Angelica sinensis in a rat model of chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis. Life Sci 2004 Feb 13;74(13):1645-58. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738908
Chronic kidney disease
Song, J.Y., et al. Renoprotective effects of Astragalus and Angelica mixture in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2009 Apr 18;41(2):196-202.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377630https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377630
Hsieh, C.F., et al Prescribed renoprotective Chinese herbal medicines were associated with a lower risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease: a population-based follow-up study in Taiwan. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017;2017:5632195. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28798802
Membranous Nephropathy
Cheng, C.W., et al. Ferulic acid, an Angelica sinensis-derived polyphenol, slows the progression of membranous nephropathy in a mouse model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:161235. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22844329
Renal damage from D-galactose
Fan, Y.L., et al. Protective effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides on subacute renal damages induced by D-galactose in mice and its mechanism. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015 Nov;40(21):4229-33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27071262
Bunel, V., et al. Potential nephroprotective effects of the Chinese herb Angelica sinensis against cisplatin tubulotoxicity. Pharm Biol 2015 Jul;53(7):985-94. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25495691
Bunel, V., et al. Toxicol In Vitro 2015 Apr;29(3):458-67. Neuroprotective effects of ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide and E-ligustilide isolated from Angelica sinensis against cisplatin toxicity in vitro. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561245
Menopause
Kupfersztain, C., et al. The immediate effect of natural plant extract, Angelica sinensis and Matricaria chamomilla (Climex) for the treatment of hot flushes during menopause. A preliminary report. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2003;30(4):203-6.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14664413
Estrogenic activity
Circosta, C., et al. Estrogenic activity of standardized extract of Angelica sinensis. Phytother Res 2006 Aug; 20(8):665-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16691630
Lau, C.B., et al. Use of dong quai (Angelica sinensis) to treat peri- or postmenopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer: is it appropriate? Menopause 2005 Nov-Dec;12(6):734-40.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16278617
Wound Healing
Hsiao, C.Y., et al. A study of the wound healing mechanism of a traditional Chinese medicine, Angelica sinensis, using a proteomic approach. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:467531.
Ye, Y.N., et al. Effect of polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis on gastric ulcer healing. Life Sci 2003 Jan 10;72(8):925-32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493573
Effects on Melanocytes
Deng, Y. and Yang, L. Effect of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) on melanocytic proliferation, melain synthesis and tyrosinase activity in vitro. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Ban 2003 Mar; 23(3):239-41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12651240
Effects on Blood clotting
Yang, N.Y., et al. Two new alpha-pinene derivatives from Angelica sinensis and their anticoagulative activities. Fitoterapia 2011 Jun;82(4):692-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356278
Hair regrowth
Kim, M.H., et al. Angelica sinensis induces hair growth via the inhibition of apoptosis signaling. Am J Chin Med 2014;42(4):1021-34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25004889
Spinal cord injury
Xiao, W., et al. Ligustilide treatment promotes functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury via preventing ROS production. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015 Oct 1;8(10):12005-13. eCollection 2015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26722386
Fibrosis prevention after laminectomy
Zhang, C., et al. An Experimental Novel Study: Angelica sinensis prevents epidural fibrosis in laminectomy rats via downregulation of hydroxyproline, IL-6 and TGF-B1. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:291814. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24069047
Skin inflammation/allergy
Choi, Y.Y., et al. Effect of dangguibohyul-Tang, a mixed extract of astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis, on allergic and inflammatory skin reaction compared with single extracts of Astragalus membranaceus or Angelica sinensis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016;2016:5936354. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27051450
Weight Control
Zhong, T., et al. Angelica sinensis suppresses body weight gain and alters expression of the FTO gene in high-fat diet induced obese mice. Biomed Res Int 2017;2017:6280972. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29098158
GI Tract
Ulcerative Colitis
Dong, W.G., et al. Abnormal function of platelets and role of Angelica sinensis in patients with ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2004 Feb 15;10(4):606-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14966927
Wong, V.K., Yu, L., and Cho, C.H. Protective effect of polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis on ulcerative colitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2008 Aug;16(4):162-7. infiltration in the pathological process of UC. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18759074
Probiotics
Montenegro, D., et al. Uncovering potential ‘herbal probiotics’ in Juzen-taiho-to through the study of associated bacterial populations. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015 Feb 1; 25(3):466-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25547935
Bones
Yang, Q., et al. Effect of Angelica sinensis on the proliferation of human bone cells. Clin Chim Acta 2002 Oct;324(1-2):89-97. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12204429
Cervical Spondylosis
Yu, H., et al. Clinical effect of cervical paravertebral nerve block combined with Mailuoning and Angelica sinensis in treatment of nerve root type of cervical spondylosis. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018 Jul;31(4(Special)):1639-1642. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30203752
Arthritis
Wen, Y., et al. Angelica sinensis polysaccharides stimulated UDP-sugar synthase through promoting gene expression of IGF-1 and IFG1R in chondrocytes: promoting anti-osteoarthritic activity. PLoS One 2014 Sep 9;9(9):e107024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25202993
Magdalou, J., et al. Angelica sinensis and osteoarthritis: a natural therapeutic link? Biomed Mater Eng 2015;25(1 Suppl):179-186. and favor cartilage repair. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25538068
Lee, W.S., et al. Ethyl acetate fraction from Angelica sinensis inhibits IL-1B-induced rheumatoid synovial fibroblast proliferation and COX-2, PGE2, and MMPs production. Biol Res 2014 Sep 5;47:41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25299270
Zhuang, C., et al. Polysaccharide from Angelica sinensis protects chondrocytes from H202-induced apoptosis through its antioxidant effects in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2016 Jun;87:322-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26893055
Osteoporosis
Lim, D.W. and Kim, Y.T. Anti-osteoporotic effects of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels extract on ovariectomized rats and its oral toxicity in rats. Nutrients 2014 Oct 16;6(10):4362-72. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25325255
Lungs
Asthma & Bronchitis
Wang, Z.W., et al. Effect of volatile oil of Radix Angelicae sinensis on experimental asthma in rats. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2105 Mar;31(2):107-10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26248411
Peng, Z., Zhang, Z., and Xu, Y. Effect of Angelica sinensis injection on CD11c and CD14 expression of alveolar macrophage membrane of chronic bronchitis patients. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1999 May;19(5):282-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11783242
Pulmonary fibrosis
Wang, L., et al. Angelica sinensis is effective in treating diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 2014 Sep 3;28(5):923-928. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26019579
Zhong, Y.H., et al. Protection of Angelica sinensis against radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2007 Mar;41(2):105-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17605235
Immune System
Immunomodulatory activity
Wang, J., et al. Structural analysis and immunoregulation activity comparison of five polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis. Carbohydr Polym 2016 Apr 20;140:6-12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26876821
Anti-tumor
Cheng, Y., et al. The effects of polysaccharides from the root of Angelica sinensis on tumor growth and iron metabolism in H22-bearing mice. Food Funct 2016 Feb;7(2):1033-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757699
Zhang, Y., et al. Structural characterization and in vitro antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Carbohydr Polym 2016 Aug 20;147:401-408. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27178946
Sepsis
Wang, H., et al. The aqueous extract of a popular herbal nutrient supplement, Angelica sinensis, protects mice against lethal endotoxemia and sepsis. J Nutr 2006 Feb;136(2):360-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424112
Shao, M., et al. Effects of ligustilide on lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock in rabbits. Planta Med 2011 May;77(8):809-16.
Song, Z.J., et al. Effects of Radix Angelicae sinensis and shuanghuanglian on a rat model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Chin Med Sci J 2000 Jun;15(2):83-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12901629
Multidrug resistance
Huang, F., et al. Two glutathione S-transferase inhibitors from Radix Angelicae sinensis. Phytother Res 2011 Feb;25(2):284-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20665471
Chen, C., et al. COniferyl ferulate, a strong inhibitor of glutathione-s-transferase isolated from Radix Angelica sinensis, reverses multidrug resistance and downregulates P-glycoprotein. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:639083. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24058374
Anti-TB activity
Deng, S., et al. Anti-TB polyynes from the roots of Angelica sinensis. Phytother Res 2008 Jul;22(7):878-82. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18567055
Anti-Dengue fever
Champakaew, D., et al. Angelica sinensis (Umbelliferae) with proven repellent properties against Aedes aegypti, the primary dengue fever vector in Thailand. Parasitol Res 2015 Jun;114(6):2187-98. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773182
Zhou, W.J., et al. Angelica sinensis polysaccharides promotes apoptosis in human breast cancer cells via CREB-regulated caspase-3 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015 Nov 20;467(3):562-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26431878
Liu, J., et al. Senescence effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides on human acute myelogenous leukemia stem and progenitor cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014 Jan;14(11):6549-56. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24377566
Wang, L. Angelica sinensis polysaccharide induces erythroid differentiation of human chronic myelogenous leukemia k562 cells. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25987027
Xu, C.Y., et al. Experimental study on aging effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides combined with cytarabine on human leukemia KG1alpha cell lines. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014 Apr;39(7):1260-4.
Gao, M., et al Angelica sinensis suppresses human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell metastasis by regulating MMPs/MIPs and TGF-B1. Oncol Rep 2012 Feb;27(2):585-93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076386
An, J., et al. Chemo-preventive effect of Angelica sinensis supercritical extract on AOM/DSS-induced mouse colorectal carcinoma associated with inflammation. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zin 2014 Apr;39(7):1265-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25011266
Su, Z.Y., et al. Epigenetic reactivation of Nrf2 in murine prostate cancer TRAMP C1 cells by natural phytochemicals Z-ligustilide and Radix angelica sinensis via promoter CpG demethylation. Chem Res Toxicol 2013 Mar 18;26(3):477-85. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441843
Yang, T., et al. Antivirus and immune enhancement activities of sulfated polysaccharide from Angelica sinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2012 Apr 1;50(3):768-72. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155400
Kan, W.L., et al. Study of the anti-proliferative effects and synergy of phthalides from Angelica sinensis on colon cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2008 Oct 30;120(1):36-43. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18718517
Tsai, N.M., et al. The antitumor effects of Angelica sinensis on malignant brain tumors in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2005 May 1;11(9):3475-84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15867250
Yang, J., et al. Angelica sinensis polysaccharide inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion by downregulating microRNA-675 in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Cell Biol Int 2018 Jul;42(7):867-876. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29465760
Gu, Q., et al. The effect of Angelica sinensis on adhesion, invasion, migration and metastasis of melanoma cells. Zhong Yao Cai 2007 Mar;30(3):302-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17634038
Cao, W., et al. A novel polysaccharide, isolated from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels induces the apoptosis of cervical cancer HeLa cells through an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Phytomedicine 2010 Jul;17(8-9):598-605. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20092988
Shang, P., et al. Experimental study of anti-tumor effects of polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis. World J Gastroenterol 2003 Sep;9(9):1963-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970885
Chiu, S.C., et al. Potential therapeutic effects of N-butylidenephthalide from Radix Angelica sinensis (Danggui) in human bladder cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017 Dec 6;17(1):523. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29207978
Brain
Oxidative stress
Wu, Y.C. and Hsieh, C.L. Pharmacological effects of Radix Angelica sinensis (Danggui) on cerebral infarction. Chin Med 2011 Aug 25;6:32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21867503
Liu, Y.M., Zhang, J.J. and Jiang, J. Observation in clinical effect of Angelica in treating acute cerebral infarction. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2004 Mar;24(3):205-8.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15074085
Alzheimer’s disease
Zhang, Z., et al. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3B by Angelica sinensis extract decreases B-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity and tau phosphorylation in cultured cortical neurons. J Neurosci Res 2011 Mar;89(3):437-47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21259330
Cognitive activity/memory impairment
Xin, J., et al. Radix Angelica sinensis that contains the component Z-ligustilide promotes adult neurogenesis to mediate recovery from cognitive impairment. Curr Neurovasc Res 2013 Nov;10(4):304-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23937197
Duan, M.H., et al. Angelica sinensis reduced AB-induced memory impairment in rats. J Drug Target 2016;24(4):340-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26821843
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Chen, D., et al. Treatment with Z-ligustilide, a component of Angelica sinensis, reduces brain injury after a subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011 Jun;337(3):663-72. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21398513
Stress Effects
Demg. M., et al. Radix Angelica sinensis promotes synaptic plasticity during cognitive recovery in chronically stressed rats. Curr Neurovasc Res 2015;12(3):232-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26036977
Shen, J., et al. The anti-depressant effect of Angelica sinensis extracts on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression is mediated via the upregulation of the BDNF signaling pathway in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016;2016:7433692. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27642354
Serotonergic Activity
Deng, S., et al. Serotonergic activity-guided phytochemical investigation of the roots of Angelica sinensis. J Nat Prod 2006 Apr;69(4):536-41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16643021
D-Galactose Induced Senescence
Cheng, X., et al. Effect of Angelica polysaccharide on brain senescence of Nestin-GFP mice induced by D-galactose. Neurochem Int 2018 Sep 6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30196146
Antioxidant
Ai, S., et al. Extraction and chemical characterization of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2013 May 15;94(2):731-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23544627
Exercise Effects
Chang, C.W., et al. Repressed exercise-induced hepcidin levels after danggui buxue tang supplementation in male recreational runners. Nutrients 2018 Sep 18;10(9).
Prevention of sports anemia
Chang, C.W., et al. Protective effects of the roots of Angelica sinensis on strenuous exercise-induced sports anemia in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2016 Dec 4;193:169-178. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27497636
Wang, P.P., et al. Effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex on iron deficiency anemia in rats. Chin J Integr Med 2007 Dec;13(4):297-300. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18180896
Endurance Effects
Yeh, T.S., et al. Angelica sinensis improves exercise performance and physical fatigue in trained mice. Molecules 2014 Mar 31;19(4):3926-39. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24691065
Zhao, Y., et al. Extraction of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides using ultrasound assisted way and its bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2016 Jul;88:44-50. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26845475
Heart
Heart attack
Niu, X., et al. Network pharmacology-based identification of major component of Angelica sinensis and its action mechanism for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Biosci Rep 2018 Sep 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30232231
Unstable Angina
Luo, J., et al. Combination rules of Chinese herbal prescriptions for treating unstable angina based on complex network. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2014 Dec;34(12):1420-4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632738
Atherosclerosis
Wu, G.T., et al. Protective effects of Angelica sinensis volatile oil on atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemia mice. Zhong Yao Cai 2016 Sep;39(9):2102-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30209933
Yang, C. and Ma, Z. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in restenosis rats and function of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2012 Jun;37(11):1655-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994002
Doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiotoxicity
Xin, Y.F., et al. Angelica sinensis: a novel adjunct to prevent doxorubicin-induced chronic caridotoxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007 Dec;1010(6):421-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17971065
Heart Damage From Angiotensin II
Huang, C.Y., et al. Protective effect of Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) on angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014 Sep 25;14:358. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25256260
Stem Cell
Deng, W., et al. Angelica sinensis polysaccharide nanoparticles as novel non-viral carriers for gene delivery to mesenchymal stem cells. Nanomedicine 2013 Nov;9(8):1181-91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23727125
Lai, P. and Liu, Y. Angelica sinensis polysaccharides inhibit endothelial progenitor cell senescence through the reduction of oxidative stress and activation of the Akt/hTERT pathway. Pharm Biol 2015;53(12):1842-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25845638
Nie, L., et al. Ultrafiltration membrane extract mixture from Angelica sinensis and Hedysarum polybotrys induced transdifferentiation of BMSCs in mice: an experimental research. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2013 May;33(5):632-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23905382
Zhang, X.P., et al Effect of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide on expression of telomere, telomerase and p53 in mice aging hematopoietic stem cells. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2013 Jul;38(14):2354-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24199571
Zhao, L., et al. Structural characterization and radioprotection of bone marrow hematopoiesis of two novel polysaccharides from the root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Fitoterapia 2012 Dec;83(8):1712-20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23063893
Liu, P.J., et al. Hematopoietic effect of water-soluble polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis on mice with acute blood loss. Exp Hematol 2010 Jun;38(6):437-45. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20347925
Metabolic
Diabetes
Wang, K., et al. Angelica sinensis polysaccharide regulates glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in prediabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice through the elevation of glycogen levels and reduction of inflammatory factors. Food Funct 2015 Mar;6(3):902-9.
Wang, K., et al. Protective effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide against hyperglycemia and liver injury in multiple low-dose streptozotocin-indued type 2 diabetic BALB/c mice. Food Funct 2016 Dec 7;7(12):4889-4897. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27813540
Gao, D., et al. An aqueous extract of Radix Astragali, Angelica sinensis, and Panax notoginseng is effective in preventing diabetic retinopathy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:578165. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23662142
Blood Building
Li, P.L., et al. Metabolomics study of hematopoietic function of Angelica sinensis on blood deficiency mice model. J Ethnopharmacol 2015 May 26;166;261-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25797116
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